Variation in seed biometry and early seedling growth from northeastern Algerian Quercus suber L. provenances
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12899/asr-2641Keywords:
Quercus suber L., provenance, seed biometry, seedling growthAbstract
This study aimed to assess the effect of provenance on seed biometry and early seedling growth of Quercus suber L. The acorns used for the study conducted in the regional forest research station of Jijel, were collected from thirty healthy mother trees representing six provenances in Jijel. After seed collection, a subsample of acorns from each mother tree was used in a laboratory experiment including biometric characterization and cold storage behavior assessment throughout moisture content and germination measurement. Additionally, a nursery experiment was carried out with acorns stored for three months to assess the effects of the seed source on seedling growth traits including height, collar diameter, biomass and leaf biomass and surface. The results revealed significant differences at 5% probability level among Q. suber seed provenances and mother trees with respect to seed morphology, seed storage, seed germination and seedling growth parameters. Despite the absence of a clear effect of the environmental conditions of the studied provenances, the Kissir provenance was the superior for all the studied parameters. Regardless of provenance, the favorable environmental conditions of the nursery along with favorable cultivation conditions, including proper seed handling and storage, growing mixture, and irrigation could enhance the desirable seedling quality for reforestation purposes.
References
Aissi A., Beghami Y., Heuertz M. 2019 - Le chêne faginé (Quercus faginea, Fagaceae) en Algérie : potentiel germinatif et variabilité morphologique des glands et des semis. Plant Ecology and Evolution 152 (3): 437- 449. https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2019.1553
Alatou D. 1990 - Recherches sur le déterminisme de la croissance rythmique du chêne pédonculé Quercus pedunculata Ehrh., Quercus mirbeckii Durieu., Quercus suber L. Étude morphologique, biochimique et écophysiologique. Thèse Doct. État. Sci., Univ. Constantine, Algérie, 109 p.
Alejano R., Vázquez-Piqué J., Carevic F., Fernández M. 2011 - Do ecological and silvicultural factors influence acorn mass in Holm Oak (southwestern Spain)? Agroforestry Systems 83: 25-39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-011-9369-4
Alex A., Owhor P.N., Fredrick C. 2020 - Effect of seed source on seedling growth of Dialium guineensis (Wild). Journal of Research in Forestry 12(3): 20-24.
Amimi N., Ghouil H., Zitouna-Chebbi R., Joët T., Ammari T. 2023 - Intraspecific variation of Quercus ilex L. seed morphophysiological traits in Tunisia reveals a trade-off between seed germination and shoot emergence rates along a thermal gradient. Annals of Forest Science 80 :12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13595-023-01179-7
APCOR 2020. Cork 2020- Associacao Portuguesa de Cortica, Santa Maria de Lamas, Portugal. 68 p. [Online] Available: http://www.apcor.pt/ en/portfolio-posts/apcor-year-book-2020/ [2021, January 31].
Benamirouche S. 2005 - Les reboisements en Algérie de 1962 à 2002 : bilan et analyse. Mém. Mag. INA, El-Harrach. 166 p.
Benamirouche S., Chouial M., Messaoudene M. 2018 - Storage of cork oak (Quercus suber L., 1753) acorns and effect of storage duration on seedlings vigor: artificial regeneration implications. Revue d’Ecologie (Terre et Vie) 73 (1): 80-95.
Benamirouche S., Chouial M., Guechi W. 2019 - Seed weight and container capacity effects on emergence and early growth of the Mediterranean oak (Quercus suber L.) seedlings in nursery. Ecologia Mediterranea 45 (2): 89-98.
Bendjebbar K.H., Belhoucine-Guezouli L., Bouandas A., Boughalem M., Bonifácio L., Henriques J. 2023 - Characterization of cork oak infection by Biscogniauxia mediterranea in two cork oak forests of occidental Algeria: Djebel saadia (w. Relizane) and Hafir (w. Tlemcen). Agrobiologia 13(1): 3348-3360.
Bhat G.S., Chauhan P.S. 2002 - Provenance variation in seed and seedling traits of Albizzia lebbek Benth. Journal of Tree Science 21 : 52-57.
Bouhraoua R.T., Villemant C., Khelil M.A., Bouchaour S. 2002 - Situation sanitaire de quelques subéraies de l’ouest algérien: impact des xylophages. IOBC⁄wprs Bulletin 25 : 85-92.
Bouhraoua R.T., Piazetta R., Berriah A. 2014 - Les reboisements en chêne liège en Algérie, entre contraintes écologiques et exigences techniques. Forêt Méditerranéenne XXXV (2): 171 -176.
Branco M.R., Branco C., Merouani H., Almeida M.H. 2002. - Germination success, survival and seedling vigour of Quercus suber acorns in relation to insect damage. Forest Ecology and Management 166 (1-3): 159-164.
Chelli-Chaabouni A, 2014. Mechanisms and adaptation of plants to environmental stresses: A case of woody species. In: “Physiological mechanisms and adaptations strategies in plants under changing environment” Parvaiz A and Mohd Rafik Wani. Eds.: 1-24.
Chen X., Yoong F.Y., O’Neill., Penfield S. 2021 - Temperature during seed maturation controls seed vigour through ABA breakdown in the endosperm and causes a passive effect on DOG1 mRNA levels during entry into quiescence. New Phytologist 232 (3): 1311-1322.
Chouial M., Benamirouche S., Guechi W. 2020 - Effet de l’arbre producteur sur la croissance et la qualité de plants de chêne liège (Quercus suber L.) en pépinière. Agriculture and Forestry Journal 4 (2) : 121-130.
Chouial M., Benamirouche S., Guechi W. 2022 - Effet de l’arbre producteur et de la durée de conservation sur le comportement germinatif des glands de chêne liège (Quercus suber L.). Agrobiologia 12 (2): 3085-3094.
Djinit S. 1977 - Etude des facteurs limitant la régénération naturelle par semis de Quercus suber L. dans la forêt domaniale de Guerrouch (Jijel). Mém. Ing. Agr. INA. 80 p.
FAO 2007 - Situation des forêts du monde. FAO, Rome. 60 p.
Gentilesca T., Camarero J.J., Colangelo M., Nolè A., Ripullone F. 2017 - Drought induced oak decline in the western Mediterranean region: an overview on current evidences, mechanisms and management options to improve forest resilience. iForest 10: 796-806. https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor2317-010.
Ghouil H., Sancho-Knapik D., Ben Mna A., Amimi N., Ammari Y., Escribano R. et al. 2020 - Southeastern Rear Edge Populations of Quercus suber L. Showed Two Alternative Strategies to Cope with Water Stress. Forests 11: 1344. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11121344
Gonçalves L. G. V., Andrade F. R., Marimon Junior B. H., Schossler T. R., Lenza E., Marimon B. S. 2013 - Biometria de frutos e sementes de mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) em vegetação natural na região leste de Mato Grosso, Brasil. Revista de Ciências Agrárias 36(1): 31-40.
Grossnickle SC., MacDonald G.E. 2017 - Why seedlings grow: influence of plant attributes. New Forests 49 (1) : 1-34.
Harfouche A. 2005- Guide pratique pour la reconnaissance des arbres et peuplements porte-graines, la collecte, le traitement, la conservation et le semis en pépinière des glands de chêne liège. Publication de l’Institut National de Recherche Forestière, Arboretum de Baïnem, Alger. 56 p.
Kim H.N., Jin H.Y., Kwak M.J., Khaine I., You H.N., Lee T.Y., Ahn T.H., Woo S.Y. 2017 - Why does Quercus suber species decline in Mediterranean areas? Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 10(3): 337-341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2017.05.004.
Landis T.D., Tinus R.W., McDonald S.E., Barnett J.P. 1990 - The container tree nursery manual. Containers and growing media, Vol. 2. Agriculture Handbook 674. USDA forest service. Washington DC: 41-85.
Mbora A. J.P., Mnadass R. 2009 - Tree seed source re-classification. Manual of the World Agroforestry Centre, Nairobi, Kenya. 34 p.
Mechergui T., Pardos M., Jacobs D.F. 2021 – Effect of acorn size on survival and growth of Quercus suber L. seedlings under water stress. European Journal of Forest Research 140: 175-186.
Mechergui T., Pardos M., Boussaidi N., Jacobs D.F., Catry F.X. 2023 - Problems and solutions to cork oak (Quercus suber L.) regeneration: a review. iForest 16: 10-22. doi:10.3832/ifor3945-015.
Mercier S., Rainville A. 1996 - Effet de la morphologie, du génotype et de la germination précoce des glands de chêne rouge sur la croissance des plants en récipient. Mémoire de recherche forestière 123. Gouvernement du Québec. 60 p.
Meriaux S., Rollin H., Rutten P. 1974 - Effets de la sécheresse sur quelques phénomènes de croissance de l’appareil végétatif de la vigne. OENO One 8(2): 109–128. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.1974.8.2.2097.
Merouani H., Branco C., Almeida M.H., Pereira J.S. 2001 - Comportement physiologique des glands de chêne liège (Quercus suber L.) durant leur conservation et variabilité inter individus producteurs. Annals of Forest Science 58: 143-153. https://doi.org/10.1051/forest:2001114
Messaoudène M. 2000 - Réflexion sur la structure des peuplements de chêne liège (Quercus suber L.) en Algérie. La Forêt Algérienne 3: 5- 9.
Montero-Muñoz J.L., Ureña C., Navarro D., Herrera V., Alonso-Rojo V., Hernandez-Alonso H. et al. 2021 - Regenration dynamics in fragmented landscaps at the leading edge of distribution: Quercus suber woodlands as a study case. Plant Soil 467: 311- 327.
Nayak S., Sahoo U.K. 2020 - Effect of seed source on germination and early growth in Madhuca latifolia in Odisha. International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences 46 (2): 203-210.
Negash L. 2010 - A selection of Ethiopia’s Indigenous Trees: Biology, Uses and Propagation Techniques. Addis Ababa University Press, Addis Ababa. 386 p.
Nirsatmanto A., Sunarti S. 2020 - Regulatory challenges for tree seed source and certification in Indonesia: documentation versus productivity perspectives. In: “IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science” 917: 012025. doi :10.1088/1755-1315/917/1/012025
Olaniyi A.A., Olajuyibge S.O., Adegeye A.A. 2023 – Provenance variation in seedling growth of Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schum. and Thonn.) Taub. Annals of Silvicultural Research 48(1): 32-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12899/asr-2438
Ramírez-Valiente J.A., Valladares F., Gil L., Aranda I. 2009 - Population differences in juvenile survival under increasing drought are mediated by seed size in cork oak (Quercus suber L.). Forest Ecology and Management 257: 1676-1683. https://doi.org/10.1 016/j.foreco.2009.01.024
Ritche J., Katzensteiner K., Acácio V. 2021 - Tree regeneration patterns in cork oak landscapes of Southern Portugal: the importance of land cover type, stand characteristics and site conditions. Forest Ecology and Management 486: 118970.
San-Eufrasio B., Sánchez-Lucas R., López-Hidalgo C., Guerrero-Sánchez V.M., Castillejo M.Á., Maldonado-Alconada A.M. et al. 2020 - Responses and Differences in Tolerance to Water Shortage under Climatic Dryness Conditions in Seedlings from Quercus spp. and Andalusian Q.ilex Populations. Forests 11: 707. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11060707
Taghvaei M. 2010 - Effects of seed sources and shade on vigor of Brant’s oak seedling. Journal of Ecology and Field Biology 33 (4): 299-306. DOI: 10.5141/JEFB.2010.33.4.299
Varela MC., Tessier C., Ladier J., Dettori S., Filigheddu M., Bellarosa R., Vessella F., Almeida MH., Sampaio T., Patrico MS. 2015 - Characterization of the international network FAIR 202 of provenance and progeny trials of cork oak on multiple sites for further use on forest sustainable management and conservation of genetic resources. In: Proceedings of the “2nd International Congress of Silviculture”. Florence (Italy) 26- 29 Nov 2014: 65-73.
Villar-Salvador P., Planelles R., Enriquez E., Penuelas-Rubira J. 2004 - Nursery cultivation regimes, plant functional attributes and field performance relationships in the Mediterranean oak Quercus ilex L. Forest Ecology and Management 196: 257-266.
Xia K., Daws M.I., Hay F.R., Chen W.Y., Zhou Z.K., Pritchard H.W. 2012 - A comparative study of desiccation responses of seeds of Asian Evergreen oaks, Quercus subgenus Cyclobalanopsis and Quercus subgenus Quercus. South African Journal of Botany 78: 47 54. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.sajb.2011.05.001.
Yessad S.A. 1999- Le chêne liège et le liège dans les pays de la méditerranée occidentale. Unité EFOR, UCL, Belgique. 190 p.
Yisau J.A., Emilimor P.N., Odeyale O., Majolagbe M. 2023 - Effect of seed source and seed size on the early growth of Anacardium occidentale. FUDMA Journal of Sciences 7(2): 125-130.
Younsi S.E., Adjami Y., Ghalem R., Bouchaib B., Ouakid M.L. 2021 - Impact of different factors degrading cork oak stands in the Mediterranean region: A case study from Algeria. Journal of forest science 6 (12): 571-580. DOI:10.17221/77/2021-JFS
Younsi SE., Adjami Y., Ghalem R., Bouchaib B., Ouakid ME. 2022 - Depredation and acorn germination ability of three seed sources for Quercus suber L. in Mediterranean environment. Annals of Silvicultural Research 47 (1) : 1-9.
Zeraia L. 1981. Essai d’interprétation comparative de données écologiques, phénologiques et de production subéro-ligneuse dans les forêts de chêne liège de Provence cristalline (France méridionale) et d’Algérie. Thèse de doctorat en sciences. Univ. Aix Marseille, 367 p.
Zine El Abidine A., Bouderrah M., Bekkour A., Lamhamedi M.S., Abbas Y. 2016 - Croissance et développement des plants de deux provenances de chêne liège produits en pépinière dans des conteneurs de différentes profondeurs. Forêt Méditerranéenne XXXVII (2) :137-150.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Samir Benamirouche, Mebarek Chouial, Wiam Guechi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
