Nanotechnology in Maize Nutrition: Mechanisms, Agronomic Impacts, and Ecological Implications

Abstract

One of the most significant staple crops in the world is maize and its demand all over the globe is ever increasing. Nevertheless, to reach increased productivity is a struggle because of the ineffective nutrient absorption and the constraints of conventional fertilizers. The latest advancements in nanotechnology have seen new fertilizer formulations that can enhance nutrient transfer, regulate flow rate and better uptake by plants. These achievements would contribute to the amplification of additional growth, yields, and be more adaptable to pressure of the environment, not to mention decreasing the overall input requirements. The nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other trace minerals nano-based compounds have shown to have great potential in enhancing more efficient nutrient use and enabling farming systems within maize production to be more sustainable. Although these advantages existed, there has been some uncertainty about the long-term environmental impacts, build-up of nanoparticle in the soil and food safety. Cost, accessibility to farmers and restrictions by the regulatory agencies are also barriers that slow down the widespread use. The continuous research is thus required to develop biodegradable and environmentally responsible nano-fertilizers, test their performance in the field conditions and make sure the safety requirements are well-defined. Nanotechnology may also have a very important role to play in enhancing the production and sustainability of maize farming with careful innovation.